Medical University of Bialystok. Syllabus.

SYLLABUS

Academic year 2024-2025

Name of course/module	Pathophysiology
Name of unit(s) in which the course is implemented	Department of General And Experimental Pathology
E-mail of the unit	patofiz@umb.edu.pl
Faculty	Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English
Major	Medicine
Mode of study	long-cycle studies
Form of study	full-time £ part-time £
Language of the course	Polish English £
Course type	obligatory £ facultative
Year/ semester	I II III £ IV V VI	1 2 3 4 5 £ 6 £ 7 8 10 11 12
Introductory courses and essential requirements	Anatomy, biochemistry, physiology: the realization of learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, skills and competences from the previous years of studies.
Number of hours of teaching divided into forms of teaching	80 hours, incl.: 20 - lectures, 50 - practical classes, 10 - seminars
Course assumptions and objectives	The aim of pathophysiology teaching is to explain to students of medicine the functional changes of the system in disease, mechanisms of disease development and systemic consequences resulting from the disease. Students should know and use the basic terms used in pathophysiology, know the basics of etiopathogenesis of diseases of individual systems; know the pathomechanism of consequences of impaired function of organs and systems, and use the acquired knowledge in practice.
Teaching methods	- lecture - consultations (before each test) - discussion - presentation - case description - independent searching for knowledge
Name and surname of the tutor	Scientific and didactic staff employed at the Department of General and Experimental Pathology, MUB
Name and surname of the person responsible for teaching	dr hab. Tomasz Bonda

Symbol and number of the learning outcome in accordance with the educational standard and other subject learning outcomes	Description of the learning outcomes for the major	Form of training		Method of verification of assumed learning outcomes
Knowledge
BW17	knows the ways in which cells communicate with each other, between the cell and the extracellular matrix; the pathways for signal transduction in the cell and examples of disruption of these processes leading to cancer and other diseases		Lecture, classes	Summarising methods, e.g.: - written examination (MCQ - test) Formative methods, e.g. - assessment of activity during classes - evaluation of preparation for classes - discussion during classes - partial assessment
BW18	knows processes such as apoptosis and necrosis and their significance for the functioning of the organism		Lecture, classes
BW25	knows the relationship between factors disrupting the balance of biological processes and pathophysiological changes		Lecture, classes
CW27	knows the basic mechanisms of cell and tissue damage		Lecture, classes
CW28	describes clinical course of specific and non-specific inflammations and processes of tissue and organ regeneration		Lecture, classes
CW29	knows the definition and pathophysiology of shock, with particular emphasis on differentiation of shock causes, and multi-organ failure		Lecture, classes
CW30	knows the etiology of hemodynamic disturbances, retrograde and progressive changes		Lecture, classes
CW33	lists external and internal, modifiable and non-modifiable pathogens		Lecture, classes
CW34	knows and understands the clinical forms of the most common diseases of individual systems and organs, metabolic diseases and water-electrolyte, hormonal and acid-base disorders		Lecture, classes
CW47	knows and understands the influence of oxidative stress on cells and its meaning in pathogenesis of diseases and ageing processes;		Lecture, practical classes
CW48	knows and understands the consequences of vitamin or mineral deficiency and their excess in the body;		Lecture, classes
CW.50	knows and understands the consequences of improper nutrition, including prolonged starvation, taking too many meals and using unbalanced diet and disorders of digestion and absorption of digestion products		Lecture, classes
Skills
CU12	Analyse the reactive, defensive and adaptive phenomena and dysregulation caused by the etiological agent		Classes	Summarising methods, e.g.: - design, presentation Formative methods, e.g. - assessment of activity during classes - evaluation of preparation for classes - discussion during classes - partial assessment
CU20	is able describe changes in bodily functions when homeostasis is disturbed, in particular the integrated response to exercise, exposure to heat or cold, loss of blood or water, sudden standing upright state, transition from sleep to wakefulness.
BU13	plans and executes a simple scientific study and interprets its results and draws conclusions
Social competences
K1	respects medical confidentiality and patient rights		Lecture, classes	Summarising methods, e.g.: - continuous assessment by the teacher (observation) Formative methods, e.g. - discussion during classes
K2	is able establish and maintain a deep and respectful contact with patients, as well as show understanding for world-view and cultural differences
K3	is guided by the welfare of the patient
K4	perceives and recognises own limitations and makes self-assessments of deficits and learning needs
K7	uses objective sources of information
K8	formulates conclusions from own measurements or observations
K11	accept responsibility for decisions made in the course of his professional activities, including his own safety and that of others

ECTS credits	7
Student workload
Form of activity		Number of hours to complete the activity
Activities requiring participation of the tutor:
Course completion: lectures (according to the study plan)		20
Course completion: practical classes (according to the study plan)		50
Course completion: seminars (according to the study plan)		10
Course completion: optional classes
Participation in consultations
		total hours: 80
Independent student work:
Self-preparation for theoretical and practical classes (making a project, documentation, case description, etc.)
Self-preparation for assessments/tests
Self-preparation for the final examination/assessment
		hours total:

Learning content of the course
Learning outcomes (symbol and number)	Subject
1. BW25, BU7, CU12	Health and disease: causes and mechanisms involved in the onset, development and course of disease, adaptive processes.
2. BW17, BW18, CW28, CU12	Molecular mechanisms of inflammatory process.
3. BW17, BW18, CW28, CU12	Mechanisms of cell damage and death, mechanisms of tissue regeneration.
4. BW25, BU7, CU12	Nutritional disorders. Thermoregulation disorders
5. BW17, CW27, CU12	Etiopathogenesis of cancer.
6. BW17, CW27, CU12	Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
7. BW17, CW27, CU12	Pathomechanism of the pain response.
8. BW25, CW33, CU12	Pathogenic effects of environmental factors.
9. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of selected diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.
10. BW25, CW34, CU12	Endocrine system dysfunction.
11. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of the digestive system: gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric and duodenal diseases, intestinal diseases, malabsorption.
12. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of liver and pancreatic diseases.
13. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of respiratory system diseases.
14. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases: coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomopathies. Pathogenesis of hypertension.
15. BW25, CW29, CU12	Pathophysiology of shock, differentiation of causes of shock and multi-organ failure.
16. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of selected immune-mediated diseases.
17. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of diseases of the excretory system.
18. BW25, CW34, CU12	Pathophysiology of haemostasis.
19. BW25, CW34, CU12	Disorders of water-electrolyte balance.
20. BW25, CW34, CU12	Disorders of acid-base balance.

Obligatory literature:

1. Porth's Pathophysiology - Concepts of Altered Health States, 10^th International Edition, Wolters Kluwer, 2018.
2. Color Atlas of Pathophysiology - Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang, Thieme; 3^rd Edition, 2016.

Supplementary literature:

1. Pathophysiology of Disease, McPhee SJ & Hammer GD, McGraw Hill, 6^th Ed. 2010.

2. Clinical application of pathophysiology. An evidence-based approach. Brashers. VL, Mosby Elsevier, 3^rd Ed., 2011.

Criteria for the assessment of the achieved learning outcomes and the form and conditions of obtaining credit for the course:

Students have to fulfil the following criteria to be allowed to take the final exam:
- receive min. 48 points (60%) for all the 4 mid-terms, and
- be present at min. 13 classes (including seminars), and
- obtain credit from min. 14 classes (including seminars), and
- be present at min. 8 lectures.

Students with less than the minimum score (<48 points) who have fulfilled the remaining criteria will be allowed to take the final exam after passing a pre-exam (10 test questions, rated 1 point for the correct answer and 10 open questions, each of which can be awarded a maximum of 2 points). A minimum of 18 points (60%) is required to pass the pre-exam. A pre-exam takes 60 minutes.

A student who receives min. 76 points for all the partial tests (≥95% ) will be exempted from the exam and receive a “very good” grade.

Final exam is consisted of 50 multiple-choice test questions (40 covering class topics + 10 covering the lectures); It takes 60 minutes; and minimum 30 points are required to pass (60% correct).

Exam retakes (two dates) will be conducted in the summer examination session by 15 September. 30 points are required to pass (60% correct). The duration of the retake exams is 60 minutes.

dr hab. n. med. Tomasz Andrzej Bonda

……………………………………………………..…………………………..

(date and signature of the head of the teaching unit or the course coordinator)