TOPICS OF PRACTICAL CLASSES
1-year course; 2nd semester; 2023/2024
I. Practical class: Endocrine system I. (19.02.; 21.02.; 22.02.2024)
Slide no. 77. - Hypophysis. H+E stain.
Slide no. 78. - Hypophysis. Stained with Haskell method.
Slide no. 79.– Isles of Langerhans are surunded by pancreatic acinar cells, stained with Gomori’s trichrome method – Scott’s modification .
Slide no. 121. –Pineal gland. H+E stain
Slide no. 73. –Thyroid gland H+E.
Slide no. 74. - Thyroid gland – [thyroid parafollicular (C) cells– silver impregnation (stain)].
Slide no. 75. - Suprarenal gland. H+E stain.
Slide no. 76.- Suprarenal gland. Azan stain.
II. The neurohormonal regulation. Seminar. Online ( 26.02. 28.02.; 29.02.2024)
III. Practical class: Digestive glands (Organs associated with the digestive tract). (04.03.; 06.03.; 07.03.2024)
Slide no. 80. Salivary glands(parotid gland, sublingual gland and submandibular = submaxillary gland) Azan or H+E stain.
Slide no. .81- Pancreas. H+E stain.
Slide no. 82. - Liver.H+E stain.
Slide no. .83. - Human liver. H+E stain.
Slideno. 4. - The glycogen appears as fine or coarse dark-carmine granules in hepatocytes. Best’s Carmine stain.
Slide no. 84. Browicz-Kupffer cellscan be seen inside the sinusoid capillares in liver section. Toluidine blue or Indian ink (in vivo) stain .
IV. Practical class: Digestive tract – I part – the oral cavity (mouth), esophagus, stomach. (11.03.; 13.03.; 14.03.2024)
Slide no. 85.– Oral lip. H+E stain.
Slide no. 86. – Filiform and fungiform papillaeof tongue. H+E stain.
Slide no. 87. – Tongue – circumvallate papillae. H+E stain.
Slide no. 88. - Tongue – foliate papillae. H+E stain.
Side no. 89. – Esophagus. H+E stain.
Slide no. 90 – Longitudinal section of esophagogastric junction (“passage”). Note the abrupt change in the epithelium lining from stratified squamous in the esophagus to columnar in the stomach. Note also the compound tubular mucous-secreting cardiac gland in the mucous membrane of the stomach. H+E stain.
Slide no. 91. – Gastric gland propers(fundic glands). H+E stain.
V. Practical class: Digestive tract – II part (Duodenum, smal intestine - jejunum, large ntestine, appendix) (18.03.; 20.03.; 21.03.2024)
Slide no. 92. - Duodenum – showing intestinal villi, intestinal glands (crypts or Lieberkűhn glands) and duodenal glands (Brunner’s glands).
Slide no. 93.- Jejunum. Note the long villi and intestinal glands.
Slide no. 94. - Ileum. Note the aggregated lymphatic nodules (Peyer’s patches). H+E stain.
Slide no. 95. - Large intestine– the longitudinal section of the colon. and the presence of long, straight mucous glands (crypts of Lieberkűhn). H+E stain.
Slide no. 97. - Appendix. H+E stain.
Review of histological specimens from 1 to 5 classes.
VI. The theoretical part of partial test IV ( 25.03. 2024 )
The practical part (25.03. ; 27.03.; 28.03.2024 (the date will be fixed) )
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VII. Practical class: The urinary system. (01.04. (online classes for monday groups in real time, deadline to be agreed or with groups 03.04. 04.04); (03 .04.; 04.04. 2024)
Slide no. 98. – Kidney (Renal). H+E stain.
Slide no. 98+99. – Renal corpuscles. H+E stain.
Slide no. 100. – Ureter.H+E stain or stained with van Gieson,s methods.
Slide no. 101. - Urinary bladder. Azan stain.
VIII. Practical class: The male reproductive system. (08.04.; 10.04.; 11.04.2024)
Slide no. 109. - Testis– fragment of a testis showing numerous seminiferous tubules cut in cross section. Note that each tubule is lined with several layers of cells. Only an occasional spermatozoon can be seen, Note also the Leydig cells in the intrestitial connective tissue. H+E stain.
Slide no. 110. – Epididymis is situated near the testis in histological specimens. Head of the epididymis is composed through the efferent ductules of testis. The efferent ductules is lined with columnar epithelium composed of groups ciliated cells and nonciliated cuboidal cells. These ductules now join to form a single, highly coiled tube called the duct of the epididymis and is presented to form the body and the tail of the epididymis. The ductus epididymis is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. H+E stain.
Slide no. 111. - Ductus (vas) deferens= deferent duct. The cross sections of the ductus deferens, showing the very thick muscular wall and the small lumen. H+E stain.
IX. Practical class: The female reproductive system. ( 15. 04.; 17.04.; 18.04. 2024)
Slide no. 102. - Ovary – corpus luteum. H+E stain.
Slide no. 3or 103. - Ovary – ovarian follicles. H+E stain.
Slide no. 104. - Oviduct. H+E stain.
Slide no. 105. - Uterus– corpus (body). H+E stain.
Slide no. 106. - Uterine cervix(neck of the uterus). H+E stain.
Slide no. 107. - Villious placenta. H+E or van Gison’s method stain.
X. Practical class: Respiratory system (distal respiratory tract) + skin. (22.04.; 24.04.; 25.04. 2024)
Slide no. 112or 126. - Trachea. H+E stain.
Slide no. 113. - Lungs– pulmonary parenchyma.H+E stain.
Slide no. 114. - Pulmonary hilus (hilus of the lung). H+E stain.
Slide no. 115. - Hairy skin. H+E stain.
Slide no. 116. – Nonhairy skin. H+E stain.
Review of histological specimens from 8-to 12 classes.
XI. Practical class: Special sense organs (06 .05. online classes for monday groups in real time, deadline to be agreed); 08.05.; 09.05.2024)
Slide no. 124. – The eye. Draw the following: a) diagram of the eye ball, b) the retina, c) cornea. H+E stain.
Slide no. 125. – The ear.Draw the following: a) section of the cochlea – low magnification, b) section of the spiral organ of Corti – high magnification, c) schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the spiral organ of Corti.
XII. The theoretical part 13.05.2024
The practical part of partial test V. (13.05.; 15.05.; 16.05.2024)
XIII. Reviev of slides before exam. Part (20.05.; 22.05.; 23.06.2024)
XIV. 20.05. Passing credits for students who did not write credits and have an excused absence
27.05. Pre exam for students who did not meet the threshold for admission to the exam (i.e. 55%) - final date to be agreed
XV. Final practical exam ( 10.06. 2024 )