Subject: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Place: Department of General and Experimental Pathology, room 371,
Division: FACULTY OF MEDICINE
YEAR: 3
CLASS no: 6
Pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal system disorders - part 1
Goal: to explain etiology, pathogenesis and consequences of selected alterations of
gastrointestinal system function
Time: 4 hours
Didactic tools: multimedia presentation, clinical case
Before the classes students should revise anatomy and physiology
of upper, middle and lower gastrointestinal tract.
Topics:
Common manifestations of GI disorders: anorexia, nausea, retching and vomiting
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of esophageal disorders:
Dysphagia: causes, classification
Esophageal Diverticulum
Tears (Mallory-Weiss Syndrome)
Hiatal Hernia
Gastroesophageal Reflux: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Cancer of the Esophagus
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of stomach disorders:
Acute and chronic gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease: Peptic Ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, Stress Ulcers
Cancer of the stomach
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of small and large intestine disorders:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn disease, Ulcerative colitis
Infectious Enterocolitis: viral, bacterial, protozoan infection
Diverticular Disease
Appendicitis
Alterations in Intestinal Motility: Diarrhea, Constipation, Fecal Impaction,
Intestinal Obstruction
Peritonitis
Alterations in Intestinal Absorption: Malabsorption syndrome, Celiac disease
Neoplasms: Adenomatous polyps, Colorectal cancer
References:
Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States - Tommie L Norris; Wolters Kluwer; 10th Edition, International, (November 3, 2018), chapters: 36, 37.
Color Atlas of Pathophysiology - Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang, Thieme; 3rd Edition, 2016.
Problems:
What is the difference between dysphagia and dyspepsia?
What are the features of visceral and referred pain?
What is heartburn?
What can cause vomiting?
Consequences of vomiting.
What are the mechanisms of diarrhea?
What constitutes the anti-reflux barrier?
What can cause LES relaxation?
What are the clinical presentations of GERD?
Complications of GERD.
What is achalasia?
What is the pathogenesis of achalasia?
Complications of achalasia.
What factors are responsible for gastric mucosal injury?
Role of Helicobacter pylori in upper GI tract diseases.
What is autoimmune atrophic gastritis?
Definition of ulcer.
What aggressive factors are responsible for peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
Role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of PUD.
Why there is hypersecretion of acid in H. pylori infection?
What is the main difference in pathogenesis of stomach and duodenal ulcer?
Complications of PUD.
Pathogenesis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Consequences of gastric acid hypersecretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
Role of genetic factors in development of IBD.
Complications of ulcerative colitis
Complications of Crohn disease.
Role of immune system in celiac disease.
Complications of celiac disease.
What is dumping syndrome?
Why hypoglycaemia develops in dumping syndrome?