Subject: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Place: Department of General and Experimental Pathology, room 371

Division: FACULTY OF MEDICINE

YEAR: 3

CLASS no: 4

Pathophysiology of selected diseases of the CNS

Goal: explanation of the etiopathogenesis and consequences of disturbed CNS activity.
Time: 4 hours
Didactic tools: multimedia presentation

Before classes, students are required to revise the basic knowledge of the anatomy, histology and physiology of the central nervous system.

Problems:
I. Alzheimer’s disease
1. Etiopathogenesis, risk factors, genetic factors
- cholinergic hypothesis
- amyloid hypothesis, formation of β-amyloid plaques
- protein tau hypothesis
2. Morphologic changes in the CNS
3. Manifestations
 

II. Parkinson’s disease

1. Parkinsonism (parkinsonian syndrome)
- causes
- manifestations
- changes in CNS: morphologic, neurotransmission

2. Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease:
- oxidative stress
- toxic mechanism
- genetic predisposition
 

III. Schizophrenia

1. Etiopathogenesis
- dopaminergic hypothesis
- immune-viral hypothesis
- neurodevelopmental hypothesis
- genetic factors
2. Manifestations; pathomechanism, neurotransmission alterations
 

IV. Epilepsy
1. Diagnosis criteria
2. Features of an epileptic seizure
3. Pathomechanism of seizures
4. Epilepsy syndrome
5. Epileptic encephalopathy
6. Etiopathogenesis of epilepsy, genetic factors
7. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis: cellular and molecular mechanisms, the importance
    of the inflammatory process
8. Classification of epileptic seizures, types of epileptic seizures, status epilepticus
9. Seizures in other diseases.

References:
Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States - Tommie L Norris; Wolters Kluwer; 10^th Edition, International, 2018.

Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease – Kumar, Vinay, et al., 8th Edition (or later ones),
Saunders Elsevier, 2010, chapter 28
Color Atlas of Pathophysiology - Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang,  Thieme; 3^rd Edition, 2016.